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Non-invasive conservation genetics of ursids
Šrutová, Jana ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Hájková, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis is devoted to non-invasive genetics and molecular ecology of particular species of ursids(family Ursidae). This carnivore lineage is quite diversified, particular species inhabit different environments from arctic regions to tropical rainforests and they also differ in trophic niches. As remnants of megafaunal communities that occupy important positions in ecological networks, they are often referred as keystone, umbrella and flagship species which are important in conservation biology. During the Anthropocene, the existence of particular species of Ursidae is more or less influenced by human activities or their impacts. Although nature conservation has managed to stabilize the abundance of some species, habitat loss and human- bear conflicts are becoming more frequent as a consequence of the expanding human population. The aim of the work was to review the research of population structure and demography especially using non-invasive genetic techniques in particular species with intention to implement the acquired knowledge into brown bear research in the Western Carpathians in the future. The chapter about non-invasive sampling is focused to this model species. Non-invasive genetics is important tool for research especially in large, rare, highly mobile and elusive species and...
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Molecular taxonomy of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Europe
Grešová, Markéta ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Brzoňová, Jana (referee)
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) are small blood sucking insects which are only proven vectors of neglected tropical disease called leishmaniasis. Sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus act as vectors in the Old World and those of genus Lutzomyia are vectors in the New World. However, not all of them are capable of transmitting the disease. It is therefore crutial to conclusively determinate the species and have up-to-date knowledge of their natural occurence. Routine identification based on morphological characters is challenging due to intraspecific variability of these or their possible damage during the capture and preparation. In adition, correct assessment of distinctive cahracters, especially for females, is difficult and requires certain expertise. Thus, approaches of molecular taxonomy have been recently increasingly used for sand flies species determination. This thesis presents usage of DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF protein profiling for routine determination of sand flies caught in southeastern Europe and adjacent regions, where we have lack of information of present sand flies species. Another part of this thesis focus on closer examination of relations between selected closely related species within species complexes. Key words: Phlebotomus, molacular identification, DNA...
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Population genetics of two endangered fritillary butterflies in the Moravian Carpathians
LEŠTINA, Dan
Annotation Populations of two sympatric large fritillary species, the High Brown Fritillary (Argynnis adippe) and the Niobe Fritillary (A. niobe), were studied using microsatellite markers to assess and compare potential population subdivision in a relatively preserved landscape of the Czech part of the Carpathians. The results are confronted with data obtained from a smaller-scale mark-release-recapture study, with species? known life histories and namely with their conservation status, all of which is also considered in explaining the obtained patterns of genetic diversity.
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